Hybrid repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysms: A combined endovascular and open approach

Thoracic endografting is emerging as an alternative option in the surgical management of patients who have thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) or aortic dissection. Due to the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with open TAAA repair, vascular surgeons are searching for innovative methods to repair such aneurysms. A combined endovascular and open approach, otherwise known as the hybrid repair, involves aortic “debranching” (renal and mesenteric revascularization) to create a landing zone for the endograft. Although operative mortality with hybrid is equivalent to mortality found with open repair, reported paralysis rates are reduced. Limited data regarding hybrid graft patency and durability are available. Vascular nurses play a vital role in patient education pre and postoperatively; therefore, they should know the risks and benefits associated with both open and hybrid TAAA repair as well as the risk associated with TAAA rupture. Nurses caring for patients after hybrid repair should possess astute assessment skills in monitoring for postoperative complications. Close observation for stroke, paralysis, renal insufficiency/failure, bowel ischemia/dysfunction, lower extremity ischemia and basic hemodynamics is essential for favorable outcomes. Vascular nurses should provide surgery-specific instruction regarding lengths of stay, expected outcomes, activity restrictions, CT-scan follow-up and possible complications after surgery, including warning signs. In the evolving field of endovascular surgery, vascular nurses must remain current on new innovative techniques being used, such as thoracic endografting.